Textile, leather and footwear manufacturing in Southeast Asia often employs children between the ages of 5 and 17; textiles, footwear and leather products produced in Vietnam are blacklisted by the US Department of Labor for the manufacture of child labor and forced labor. .
Every two years, the "Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2005" announced by the Department of International Labor Affairs of the United States, "Child Labor or Distressed Labor" The List of Goods Produced by Child Laboror Forced Labor, or the TVPRA list, has been released in the seventh edition and is marked with 75 countries and a total of 139 products, either by child labor or forced labor. produce.
Products added to this list this year include: textiles, leather and footwear made in Vietnam.
According to the survey data of the Vietnamese government and the International Labor Organization (ILO), an estimated 6,049 child laborers are engaged in textile production and are mainly concentrated in the manufacturing and finishing stages. Among them, about 42.9% (or 2,595) are children under the age of 15 (15 is the minimum age for employment in Vietnam). Of the 6,049 child laborers in the textile industry, about 448 are between 5 and 11 years old, 2,147 are between 12 and 14 years old, and 3,454 are between 15 and 17 years old. At the same time, about 96% are women.
In terms of leather production, the survey found that an estimated 1,426 child laborers are engaged in the leather industry, and mainly work in the tanning and pre-treatment stages and in the hide stage. About 74% of these children are girls, 580 are between 12 and 14 years old, and 846 are between 15 and 17 years old.
In addition, 9,756 child workers are expected to work in the footwear industry and work more than 42 hours a week. Among them, about 2.2% (or 215) of children are between 12 and 14 years old, and 97.8% (or 9,541) are between 15 and 17 years old.
US Labor Secretary Thomas Eberez said: "To help the world's 168 million child laborers and 21 million adults and children who are deeply affected by embarrassment, it is very important to continue to work together. For effective and sustainable development, we Fundamental solutions must be taken to help them receive education and training, stabilize their livelihoods and obtain better jobs, which can lift vulnerable groups out of poverty and social marginalization."
Vietnam is the second largest garment supplier in the United States and is considered to be the biggest beneficiary of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Trade Agreement (TPP); the TPP was signed in 2015 (2015), including the chapter on labor rights.
Although this chapter is not binding, it emphasizes the importance of labor rights in the final trade agreement and may increase the supervision of labor rights among member countries in the industrial supply chain. In Vietnam, for example, in the bilateral agreements between member states and their respective parties, it is beneficial to the overall interests of the TPP, so the reform action will be possible.
Risk advisory firm Verisk Maplecroft warned at the beginning of this year that NGOs and the media may monitor TPP Member States because of the weak effectiveness of law enforcement agencies and the fact that the agreement may harm workers' rights.
The group mentioned in its "Human Rights Outlook 2016": "No matter what action the country takes, its supply chain may face a negative reputation if its supply chain violates TPP regulations."
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In addition, the US law supplements the relevant laws and regulations, and the products manufactured by laborers who use embarrassment or contractual restrictions will be prohibited from importing. The move will allow manufacturers, US importers, brands and retailers to more carefully review the supply chain they belong to.
The US embarrassing labor ban strictly requires the garment industry supply chain to be reviewed
The TVPRA list also includes ready-to-wear garments made in the following countries: Argentina, Bangladesh, Brazil, China, India, Malaysia, Vietnam, and Thailand, and the Ministry of Labor has determined that Jordan has significantly reduced distressed labor during garment production. Remove it from the list.
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